The prevalence of diabetes in India is diverse in different region of the country. A research was conducted to determine the prevalence and correlation between severity of periodontal destruction, oral hygiene, and glycemic status in T2DM patients.
Dentists have long been aware about the importance of diagnosis of diabetes in their patients. A study was conducted to see the prevalence and severity of periodontitis in type 2 diabetics. The data were analyzed and arranged to see the influence of OHI, GI, and glycemic control on severity of periodontitis and glycemic. In 2000, India (31.7 million) topped the world with the maximum number of people with diabetes mellitus followed by China (20.8 million) with the United States (17.7 million) in the second and third place, respectively. The most striking changes in uncontrolled diabetes are the reduction in defense mechanism and the increased susceptibility to infections, leading to destructive periodontal disease. The glucose content of gingival fluid and blood is higher in individuals with diabetes than in those without diabetes, with similar plaque and GI scores. The increased glucose in the gingival fluid and blood of diabetic patients could change the environment of the microflora, inducing qualitative changes in bacteria that could contribute to the severity of periodontal disease observed in those with poorly controlled diabetes. In patients with poorly controlled diabetes, the function of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) and monocytes/macrophages is impaired and as a result, the primary defense (PMNs) against periodontal pathogens is diminished, and bacterial proliferation is more likely.